getting everything ready for your new arrival. But one thing that often gets overlooked is oral health, even though it’s especially important during pregnancy. It turns out that oral health can also play a big role in preventing complications like preterm birth and low birth weight. In this blog we’ll explain the connection between gum disease and pregnancy and how hormonal changes brought on by pregnancy can affect your oral health and subsequently the health of your baby.
How pregnancy hormones affect your oral health
Pregnancy hormones, particularly progesterone and estrogen, have a significant impact on oral health by increasing blood flow to the gums and altering the body’s immune response. These hormonal changes can make the gums more sensitive and prone to inflammation, even in response to small amounts of plaque bacteria. This heightened sensitivity often leads to conditions like pregnancy gingivitis, where gums become swollen, red, and more likely to bleed. Hormones can also affect the way the body fights off infections, making it harder to control bacteria in the mouth and increasing the risk of gum disease.
The hormonal changes of pregnancy can also make your mouth more acidic, which can increase the risk of tooth enamel erosion. For many women, morning sickness adds to the problem—frequent vomiting exposes teeth to stomach acids that can expedite enamel erosion if not managed properly. Pregnancy hormones can also change saliva composition and trigger cravings for sugary foods, which heighten the risk of tooth decay and other oral health issues.
What is the connection between gum disease and pregnancy?
Pregnancy gingivitis is extremely common and reported in upto 70% of pregnancies. To no fault of the expectant mother, she may develop gingivitis without realizing it. If she doesn’t see a dentist during her pregnancy, her gingivitis can quickly progress into periodontal disease. If gum disease isn’t treated, it can have serious consequences—not just for your teeth, but for your pregnancy as well.
Research has found that women with gum disease are more likely to experience pregnancy or birth complications such as:
- Preterm birth. Babies born too early due to premature labour can face a variety of health challenges.
- Low birth weight. This can lead to developmental delays and health problems after birth.
- Preeclampsia. This is a condition that causes high blood pressure during pregnancy and can be dangerous for both the mother and baby. There’s evidence to suggest that gum disease might make you more likely to develop preeclampsia.
For more about gum disease and gingivitis, read our article Gingivitis Oral Hygiene and Gum Health.
5 tips from a Saskatoon dentist for the best oral health during pregnancy
The good news is that you don’t have to wait until after the baby is born to take care of your oral health. By following a few simple habits, you can keep your mouth—and your pregnancy—on track:
- Brush and floss twice a day. This might seem obvious, but it’s absolutely essential for anyone pregnant. Brushing with fluoride toothpaste and flossing every day help remove the accelerated plaque and bacteria that could lead to gum disease.
- Stay hydrated. Not only to help rinse away food particles and bacteria, but also to reduce the risk of dry mouth, a common pregnancy symptom.
- Rinse—don’t brush—after morning sickness. Avoid brushing your teeth within an hour after vomiting, as the acids can soften your enamel, and brushing could cause further damage. Rinse your mouth with water or a fluoride mouthwash to help neutralize acids and protect your enamel until it’s safe to brush again.
- Eat well. A balanced diet rich in calcium, vitamins, and minerals is good for your overall health and important for your baby’s development. Plus, eating nutrient-dense foods helps keep your teeth and gums strong.
- Keep up with dental visits. Regular dental checkups are just as important during pregnancy as they are at any other time. Routine cleanings and exams are safe, and your dentist can catch any potential issues early before they become bigger problems.
Maintaining good oral health during pregnancy is crucial for both you and your baby. Hormonal changes can make your gums more vulnerable to conditions like pregnancy gingivitis, which, if left untreated, can lead to complications such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and preeclampsia. Many patients believe dental care is unsafe during pregnancy, but the only precaution is avoiding radiographs (X-rays) during the first trimester. Beyond that, routine dental checkups, cleanings, and preventive care are not only safe but highly recommended. By brushing and flossing regularly, staying hydrated, eating a nutrient-rich diet, and prioritizing dental visits, you can prevent gum disease and set the foundation for your baby’s future oral health. Prioritize oral health for a healthy pregnancy and baby—it’s an essential part of your prenatal care!
